Chú thích Thành_bang

  1. ↑ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2009. A sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory. 
  2. ↑ Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged. HarperCollins Publishers. 2003. a state consisting of a sovereign city and its dependencies. Among the most famous are the great independent cities of the ancient world, such as Athens, Sparta, Carthage, and Rome. 
  3. 1 2 city-state, Encyclopædia Britannica.
  4. ↑ city-state, Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
  5. ↑ Holm, Poul (2000). “Viking Dublin and the City-State Concept: Parameters and Significance of the Hiberno-Norse Settlement”. Trong Mogens Herman Hansen. A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures. Copenhagen: Special-Trykkeriet Viborg. tr. 251–62.